Weekly Maqam - מקאמות

Traditions of Aleppo - כמנהג ארם צובא

 

בראשית

PARASHA

MAQAM

EXPLANATION

MISHMARA

RELATED PIZMONIM

Bereshit

Rast

Head of the Book

Hagigah

109, 125, 403

Noah

Sigah[1]

Building of the Ark (Tebah)

Kinim

31

Lech Lecha

Saba

Brit Milah

Ma'asrot, Ma'aser Sheni

409, 410

Vayera

Nawah[2]

The 3 Visitors= Angels= "Navah Kodesh"= NAWA

Rebuke: Sarah for Laughing/ Sedom and Gemora

Pe'ah

126

Haye Sarah

Hijaz

Death of Sarah (and later Abraham)

Kidushin

 

Toledot

Mahour[3]

Anxiety: Anger of Esau / Quickness of Jacob

Berakhot

151

Vayetse

Ajam

Wedding of Jacob

Kethuvot

226, 417

Vayishlach

Saba[4]

Eighth Parasha/ Shechem does Berit Milah

Moed Katan, Horayot

 

Vayeshev

Rahawi/ Nahwand

Controversy Amongst the Brothers

Shabbat Before Hanukkah

Yebamoth

372

Miqetz

Sigah

Shabbat of Hanukkah: Menorah

Mikvaot

166, 244, 363

Vayigash

Bayat[5] or Mahour

Diplomacy & Oath of Judah

Kelim

 266

Vayehi

Hijaz

Death of Jacob

Berochot

 482


[1] For Perashat Noah, sometimes Bayat is used because it is always the Shabbat before Rosh Hodesh Heshvan (Shabbat Mebarchim).

[2] We use Nawah for this perasha. This can be derived through exegesis from the verse in Tehillim. “H’malakh” (the angel)= Nawa Kodesh.

[3] The word “MAAHOUR” in Arabic means broken hearted (Nadaf). The Hebrew word “Maher” (quick) can also be a derivation (Betesh).

[4] Disputed: Ashear used Maqam Sigah some years and Maqam Rast others. Other sources list Maqam Iraq, a derivative of Sigah, for Vayishlah. Damascus Syrians apply Bayat for this Parasha.

[5] On the list of Eliyahu Shrem, Mahour is used for Perashat Vayigash.

שמות

PARASHA

MAQAM

EXPLANATIONS

Mishmara

RELATED PIZMONIM

Shemot

Rast[1]

Head of the Book

Ta'anit, Megilah

266

Va’era

Bayat/Nawah[2]

Ten Plagues/ Passover Theme

Macot

117, 359, 361

Bo

Sigah

Passover Torah Reading

Nega'im

361

Beshalah

Ajam

Song of the Sea (Shabbat Shirah)

Eruvin

120, 216, 397, 509a-I

Yitro

Hoseni

Beauty of Ten Commandments

Abot, Abodah Zarah

179, 220, 268, 334[3], 343

Mishpatim

Saba or Nawah

Multitude of Laws/ "Dam HaBerit"

Babah Kama

212

Terumah

Hoseni

Beauty of Tabernacle (Mishkan)

Midot

 

Tesave

Sigah[4]

Clothing of Priests/ Prior to Purim (usually Shabbat Zachor)

Tibul Yam

415, 459-467, 492

Ki Tisa

Hijaz

Golden Calf Sin

Sheqalim

389, 488

Vayaqhel

Hoseni

Beauty of Tabernacle

Shabbat

 

Pequdei[5]

Nawah or Saba

End of Book

Tehorot, Yadayim

 

 

[1] On some lists, Bayat is used for Perashat Shemot, because the word “bat”, which is used in the perasha (referring to when girls are born they should be allowed to live) resembles the word BAYAT. For those who apply Bayat for Shemot, they should apply Rast for Va'Era (being that you cannot use the same maqam two weeks in a row).

[2]Each list designates a different maqam for Perashat Va’era.

[3] Yitro is the first instance of using Maqam Hoseni for the year. The pizmon “da’at umzima” is always applied to the “Nakdishach”.

[4] Maqam Sigah is always used the Shabbat before Purim even if that Shabbat doesn’t fall out on Perashat Tesave.

[5] Perashat Vayaqhel and Pekudei are sometimes read together. In that case Maqam Bayat-Hoseni is applied. According to H. Moshe Ashear, if Vayaqhel, Pekudei, or both, coincide with Shabbat Sheqalim, then Maqam Mahour is applied. However if Sheqalim coincides with Mishpatim, Terumah, or Ki Tisa, then the usual maqam of the day is applied.  

ויקרא

PARASHA

MAQAM

EXPLANATIONS

MISHMARA

RELATED PIZMONIM

Vayiqra

Rast

Head of Book

Zebahim

 

Sav

Rahawi

Prior to Passover (usually Shabbat Hagadol)

Menuhot

400, 427

Shemini

Hoseni[1]

Beauty of  Newly Dedicated Mishkan

Houlin

 212

Tazria

Saba/Bayat

Birth of a Baby Boy= Berit Milah.

Nidah

 

Mesora-Tahor [2]

Sigah/ Nahwand[3]

Laws of Purity/ Shabbat Before Israel Independence Day

Zabim

236

Aharei Mot

Hijaz

Death of Nadab and Abihu (Aaron's children)

Keritut

510[4]

Qedoshim[5]

Saba

Multitude of Laws

Berit prevents arayot transgressions

Orlah

 

Emor

Sigah

Priests/ Holidays Reading /Prior to Lag L’Omer

Beysa, Yoma

61

Behar

Saba or Nawah

SABA: Multitude of Laws (Shemitah and Jubilee)

NAWAH: Shemitah= "Shabbat" for the Land= "Nawah kodesh"

Shevi'it

 

Behuqotai[6]

Nawah/ Nahwand

End of Book/ Rebuke & Blessing of Covenant Contract

Arachin

 


[1] Maqam Rast is commonly used for Perashat Shemini, which is typically the first Shabbat after Passover. M. Ashear used Nahwand when this coincides with Parashat Parah. Maqam Rast is usually applied the first Shabbat after Passover except when this occurs on Parashat Aharei Mot (Hijaz) and the week prior to Israel Independence Day (Nahwand). 

[2] Perashat Tazria and Mesora are sometimes read together. In that case, Maqam Saba is usually applied. Perashat Mesora is referred to as "Tahor", meaning pure (Lashon Sagi Nahor). Most other sources for Tazria, including M. Ashear, say to apply Maqam Bayat or Hoseni.

[3] Some congregations apply Israeli national melodies (Maqam Nahwand) to the prayers on the week prior to Israel Independence Day. Note that official policy of the Sephardic Pizmonim Project is to celebrate Israel Independence Day by the recitation of the Hallel and by applying Maqam Nahwand to the Morning prayers the week prior to the holiday and on the holiday itself.

[4] The piyut “Alechem Kehal Edah” is sung on Yom Kippur, but since the theme of the piyut is the death of Aaron’s children, it is relevant to this Perasha.

[5] Perashat Aharei Mot and Qedoshim are sometimes read together. In that case, Maqam Hijaz is still applied. If Aharei Mot is the first week after Passover, Maqam Hijaz is still used and not Maqam Rast.

[6] The Shabbat prior to Lag La'Omer is always maqam SIGAH regardless of the Perasha. The song "Bar Yohai" (page 61) must be used for Naqdishach. Perashat Behar and Behuqotai are sometimes read together. In that case, Maqam Saba is applied. According to M. Ashear, Maqam Nawah is used for Perashat Behar.

במדבר

PARASHA

MAQAM

EXPLANATIONS

MISHMARA

RELATED PIZMONIM

Bemidbar

Rast/ Hoseni[1]

Head of Book/ Prior to Shabuot  (Shabbat Kallah)

Machshirin

220

Naso

Saba[2]

Census/ Multitude of Laws (Sotah- gives birth to a boy, and Nazir)

Nazir, Sotah

 

Beha’alotcha

Sigah

The Menorah (associated with Hanukah Holiday) and Mishkan

Tamid

 

Shelah

Hijaz[3]

Sin of the Spies

Hallah

 

Qorah

Nahwand

Controversy of Qorah

Terumot

133

Huqat

Hoseni[4]

Mattan Torah Aspect (Statute)[5]

Parah

 

Balaq[6]

Mahour

Anxiety: Anger of Bilaam when curses are switched (broken heartedness). Quickness of Bilaam to chase after money and curse Israel.

Aholot

406 

Pinehas

Saba

Berit Shalom” for Pinehas. Pinehas= Eliyahu according to Zohar. 8th Perasha in Sefer Bemidbar.

Baba Batra

92, 406, 480

Matot

Nawah/ Nahwand

End of Book (usually combined with next perasha)

Conflict- Nedarim and Story of Reuben and Gad

Nedarim

 

Masei[7]

Saba

Traveling through desert in armies;

Armies= Saba

Arayot

 


[1] Most years, Bemidbar and Shabbat Kallah (the Shabbat before Shavuot) coincide. On those years, Maqam Hoseni is applied to this Perasha in honor of the upcoming holiday. However, during years that Bemidbar is not the Shabbat immediately before the holiday, Maqam Rast is applied.

[2] When Perashat Naso and Shabbat Kallah coincide, then Maqam Hoseni is used.

[3] Some lists cite Maqam Nahwand for Perashat Shelah. Also, some cantors would mix Bayat with Hijaz in order to differentiate this sadness and the absolute sadness in Perashat Debarim.

[4] In the past, Qorah and Huqat were read together, but this changed when Syrians moved to the U.S. and abolished this practice in order not to be different then the rest of the Jews. Maqam Rast is applied in Knis Ades for Perashat Huqat.

[5] Nadaf insight: By following laws such as Parah Adumah, it is like you are receiving the Torah, and therefore Hoseni should be used.

[6] Perashat Huqat and Balaq are sometimes read together. In that case, Maqam Mahour is applied. Maqam Bayat is applied in Knis Ades for Perashat Balaq.

[7] Perashat Matot and Masei are most often read together. In that case, Nahawand (Nawah) is applied. Regardless, during the "3 weeks" period, Maqamat Nahwand, Saba, and Hijaz should be used because express degrees of sadness (Morris Arking insight).

דברים 

PARASHA

MAQAM

EXPLANATIONS

MISHMARA

RELATED PIZMONIM

Debarim

Hijaz[1]

Prior to Tisha B’Av. Destruction. (Shabbat Hazon)

Baba Mesi'a

248, 487, 501

Va’ethanan

Hoseni

Beauty of Ten Commandments (Shabbat Nahamu)

Shabuot

180, 334[2]

Eqeb

Sigah

Reading of Vehaya Im Shamoa (Special Torah Portion)

Kila'yim

 

Re’eh

Rast[3]or Bayat

Beginning of  Selihot Season and Month of Elul[4]

Pesahim, Rosh Hashana, Sukot

274- I

Shofetim

Ajam

Joyful Occasion of Appointing a King

Sanhedrin

203[5]

Ki Tese

Saba

Armies Mobilizing/ Warning Against Arayot (case of Ben Sore uMoreh)/ Multitude of Laws

Gittin

389

Ki Tabo[6]

Sigah

Special Torah Reading Upon Entering New Land

Bikurim

 

Nisabim

Nawah/ Nahwand

End of Year/ Rebuke

Me'ilah

478

Vayelech[7]

Hoseni

Shabbat Shubah: Reaccepting upon ourselves the Torah.

Damai

339

Ha’azinu[8]

Mehayyar (Bayat)

Prior to Sukkot

Okshin

246

Zot Haberacha[9]

Ajam

Simhat Torah Festival

Temurah

173, 370


[1] According to Gabriel A. Shrem, for all instances the Maqam Hijaz is used, it is mixed with Maqam Bayat, except for Perashat Debarim, where Maqam Hijaz is used in its purest form without mixing it with Bayat.

[2] The pizmon “da’at umzima” is always applied to the “Nakdishach” in honor of Matan Torah.

[3] No obvious explanation for the usage of this maqam for Perashat Re’eh. Many sources (Ashear and Abraham Eliahu Shrem) advice the usage of Maqam Bayat for this parasha.

[4] Nadaf insight.- Centralized Temple is also a "new beginning".

[5] The pizmon “ya’arich yamim al mamlachto” is the main reason for using Maqam Ajam for this Perasha.

[6] Perashat Ki Tese and Ki Tabo are sometimes read together. M. Ashear did not always use Sigah for Shabbat Ki Tabo.

[7]Nisabim and Yayelech are most often read together.  M. Ashear would sometimes use Hijaz on the week before Rosh Hashana (Nibavim or Nisabim-Vayelech) .

[8] Sometimes Perashat Ha’azinu and Shabbat Shubah coincide (in years when Yom Kippur falls on Saturday and there is no Shabbat in between Yom Kippur and Sukkot).

[9] Perashat Zot Haberacha is always read on Simhat Torah.